The purpose of the present study was to clarify and resolve the taxonomy of this Golovinomyces complex using a multilocus approach, based on ITS, 28S, IGS, TUB2 and CHS1 DNA sequences. Multi-gene analyses are currently the method of choice to analyze phylogenetically and taxonomically difficult complexes of plant pathogenic fungi, including Colletotrichum spp. [31, 32]. However, there is minimal multilocus data for the powdery mildews currently available. Most of the research involves the intraspecific genetic diversity in species such as Blumeria graminis [33, 34], Erysiphe japonica [35], E. necator [36, 37], Podosphaera xanthii [38] and Golovinomyces orontii [39]. Recently, the geographic and temporal distributions of four genotypes found in E. gracilis var. gracilis were studied based on a combination of data from the ITS, 28S rDNA and IGS regions [40]. Comprehensive applications of multilocus approaches to solve complex taxonomic-phylogenetic problems connected with the species level classification of the powdery mildews are still lacking. The present study is the first to use a multilocus approach to solve species distinction issues within the Erysiphales. An additional issue regarding the taxonomic conclusions drawn from phylogenetic results is also addressed in this study. Older taxonomic names are often available, but the application and allocation of such names are usually problematic. Because species names are based on their type collections, epitypifications, with appropriate new material, and ex-epitype sequences tend to be the main method to overcome these obstacles and to determine the application of older names. During the current study, this issue was addressed using international collaboration.
Could it be that evolution which has no foresight or plan in mind and is simply a name for a process that occurs without conscience or design might be our problem? History shows repeatedly how aggressive oppressors have moved into areas where people where living in relative harmony and disrupted this harmony to their own evolutionary advantage. There seems to be a correlation between those who choose to be dominators and whom utilise technologies to take over new territories and change the local cultures etc and evolutionary success (temporary maybe). Sort of like a good parasite never kills the host, it seems maybe we are a terrible parasite doing our damnedest to kill the host? Maybe our species developing into what we have become was inevitable due to the evolutionary principles behind it. Which rewarded those destructive domineering traits with more successful offspring and those with peaceful and harmonic traits with less successful offspring? Personally, I dont like the idea as it implies that we have no ability to change our destiny. That said, our preferences to not make something the truth.
tokyo species srt download | temp
2ff7e9595c
Comentarios